Author:

• Heidi Ochsner
  Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
  Michigan Tech

Advisors:

• Dr. Marty Auer
  Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
  Michigan Tech
• Joan Chadde
  Western Upper Peninsula Center for Science
  Mathematics and Environmental Education
• Amy Keranen
  Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
• Heather Bradway
  Hancock Middle School

Production:

Tech Alive

• Animation and Web Design:
  Dr. Susan E. Hill
  Michigan Tech
• Production Management:
  Dr. Martin T. Auer
  Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
  Michigan Tech

This web page was developed under a grant awarded to the Western Upper Peninsula Center for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.

Ms. Shawn Oppliger, Center Director and Project Coordinator
Ms. Joan Chadde, Center Education Program Coordinator and Project Coordinator
Mr. Thomas M. Occhipinti, MDEQ Environmental Education Coordinator and Grant Administrator

Media Credits

Title Page: Water Quality - Pollutant Sources and Impacts

• Industrial Discharge photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tom D. Serota.
• River Pollution animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.
• Dead Fish photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Milton Friend.

Toxic Substances

• Helicopter Spraying photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Brad E. Johns.
• Apple with Pesticides photo: Peggy Greb, USDA.
• Coal-Powered Plant photo: Warren Gretz, DOE/NREL.

Bioaccumulation

• Bioaccumulation Food Chain animation: © 2005 State of Michigan.

Toxic Metals: Arsenic

• Toxic Waste photo: Public domain image, courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library.
• Poison Warning photo: Public domain image.

Toxic Metals: Cadmium

• Ni-Cd Recycle illustration: The Bodine Company (permission pending).
• Nickel Cadmium Battery illustration: © 2006 State of Michigan.
• Smoke Stack photo: DOE/NREL.

Toxic Metals: Mercury

• Mad Hatter Tea Party illustration: John Tenniel, public domain image.
• Coal photo: David Parsons, DOE/NREL.
• Fisherman photo: The Augusta Chronicle (permission pending).

Persistent Organic Pollutants: PCBs

• No PCBs/Transformer image: Texas Department of State Health Services (permission pending).

Persistent Organic Pollutants: Aldrin/Dieldrin

• Tsetse Fly illustration: Public domain image, Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 1911, G & C Miriam Co. Springfield, MA, courtesy of David Dailey.
• Global Distillation illustration: © 2005 State of Michigan.

Persistent Organic Pollutants: Dioxins and Furans

• Dow Saginaw Sign photo: Huron Valley Community Network, Environment Infocenter, Ecology Center (permission pending).

Regulation of Toxic Substances in the Environment

• Capitol Building photo: Microsoft clipart.

Regulation of Toxic Substances in Drinking Water and Wastewater

• Girl Drinking Water photo: Las Vegas Valley Water District (permission pending).

Toxicity Testing

• Fathead Minnow image: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Duane Raver.
• Daphnia Pulex (Water Flea) photo: Cornuet, BIODIDAC.

Toxicity Testing Activity

• Toxicity Testing animation: © 2005 State of Michigan.

Pollution Prevention and Treatment for Toxicity Control

• Green Engineering cover: © 2002 Prentice Hall PTR.

Nutrients

• Nitrogen Extraction photo: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Scott Bauer.
• Algae Accumulation photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gary Zahm.

Inorganic Nutrients

• Nutrient Limitation animation: © 2002 Michigan Technological University.

Eutrophication

• Eutrophication Oxygen Depletion animation: © 2002 - 2005 State of Michigan and Michigan Technological University.

Phosphorus: Sources and Control

• Farm photo: Bob Allan, DOE/NREL.
• METRO Effluent Flow photo: Upstate Freshwater Institute (permission pending).

Phosphorus Management Activity: Phosphorus and Transparency

• Secchi Disk photo: Anacostia Watershed Society, Maryland. Used with permission.

Phosphorus Management Activity: Reducing Phosphorus Inputs

• Phosphorus Removal Cost graph: © 2005 State of Michigan.

Phosphorus Management Activity: Try Managing A Lake

Oxygen Depletion

• Oxygen Sag Curve graph: © 2005 State of Michigan.

Organic Matter: Sources and Control

• Wastewater Treatment animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

Pathogens

• Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst immunofluorescence image: Public domain image, courtesy of the EPA and H. D. A. Lindquist.
• E. Coli Bacteria photo: Public domain image, courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library.
• Hepatitus A Virus photo: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (permission pending).
• Norwalk Virus photo: Public domain image, courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library.

Viruses

• Rotavirus photo: Public domain image, courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library.

Bacteria

• Cholera photo: Ellie Crystal's Metaphysical and Science Website (permission pending).
• Cholera Patient photo: Public domain image, courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library

Protozoa

• Giardia Lamblia Cyst photo: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan (permission pending).
• Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst differential interference contrast image: Public domain image, courtesy of the EPA and H. D. A. Lindquist.

Indicator Organisms

• Coliform Testing photo:

Pathogen Protection

• Chlorine Tanks photo: Wilkes University Center for Environmental Quality, GeoEnvironmental Sciences and Engineering Department (permission pending).

Disease Detectives

• "Death's Dispensary" sketch: George Pinwell, 1866. Public domain image, courtesy of the CDC Public Health Image Library.

London Cholera Activity

• London Cholera animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

Bibliography

Arsenic Information Source: www.osha.gov

Cadmium Information Source: www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-contamination/cadmium-contaminants-removal-water.htm

Mercury Information Sources: www.epa.gov/mercury/, www.mercurypolicy.org

PCB Information Sources: epa.gov/waterscience/fish/pcbs.pdf, www.epa.gov/opptintr/

Aldrin/Dieldrin Information Source: pops.gpa.unep.org/11aldi.htm

Dioxin/Furan Information Sources: www.epa.gov/grtlakes/bns/dioxin/PCDD_DF_regs.PDF, www.ejnet.org/dioxin/

TSCA Information Source: www.epa.gov/region5/defs/html/tsca.htm

RCRA Information Source: www.epa.gov/region5/defs/html/rcra.htm

CERCLA Information Source: www.epa.gov/superfund

MCL Information Source: www.epa.gov/safewater/sdwa/index.html

Priority Pollutants Information Source: www.scorecard.org/chemical-groups/one-list.tcl?short_list_name=pp

CWA Information Source: www.epa.gov/region5/defs/html/cwa.htm

Toxicity Testing Information Sources: www.epa.gov/waterscience/WET/disk2/, www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,+7-135-3313_3686_3728-12206--,00.html
We are grateful to Mr. Bill Dimond of Michigan DEQ for his assistance.

Pollution Prevention Information Sources: www.epa.gov/opptintr/p2home/p2policy/definitions.htm

Sustainable Development Definition: www.lca-net.com/products/sustainable.asp

Beach Standards Information Source: www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,+7-135-3313_3686_3728-32395--,00.html

Drinking Water Standards Information Source: www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-wb-dwehs-noncomm-coliformcontambroch.pdf

Cholera Information Sources: earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/1832_cholera_part1.html, www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow.html

Disclaimer

External websites are not official web pages of Michigan Technological University or Tech Alive. While MTU recognizes the constitutional right of free speech for its University users of the Internet and the World Wide Web, it is not responsible, and hereby disclaims all liability for any data, information, or opinions contained in unofficial web pages. Any comments related to the contents of personal homepages should be directed to the author of the pages.