Author:

• Josh Shields
  Forest Resources & Environmental Science
  Michigan Tech

Advisors:

• Dr. David Flaspohler
  Department of Biological Sciences
  Michigan Tech
• Pam Schmidt
  Western Upper Peninsula Center for Science
  Mathematics and Environmental Education
• Dr. Kathy Winnett-Murray
  Biology Department
  Hope College
• Helen Stenvig
  L’Anse Middle School
• Rebecca Stroube
  L’Anse Middle School

Production:

Tech Alive

• Animation and Web Design:
  Dr. Susan E. Hill
  Michigan Tech
• Production Management:
  Dr. Martin T. Auer
  Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
  Michigan Tech

This web page was developed under a grant awarded to the Western Upper Peninsula Center for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.

Ms. Shawn Oppliger, Center Director and Project Coordinator
Ms. Joan Chadde, Center Education Program Coordinator and Project Coordinator
Mr. Thomas M. Occhipinti, MDEQ Environmental Education Coordinator and Grant Administrator

Media Credits

Title Page: Forest Ecosystem

• Seney Forest photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, John and Karen Hollingsworth.
• Forest Inhabitants animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

Where Do We Find Forests In Michigan?

• Seney Forest photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, John and Karen Hollingsworth.
• Chicago photo: Larry R. Barber, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org.
• Michigan Forest map: Data from Michigan Geographic Data Library, Land Cover 2001. Illustration by Josh Shields.

How Did Michigan Forest Ecosystems First Grow?

• Primary Succession animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

What Happens If A Forest Ecosystem Is Disturbed?

• Old Forest photo: Craig Lorimer.
• Burning Forest photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• Cleared Forest photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• New Forest photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.

How Have Michigan Forest Ecosystems Changed Over Time?

• Michigan Forest Ecosystem maps: Data from Brewer, McPeek, and Raymond. Illustrations by Josh Shields.

What Types of Forest Ecosystems Are Found in Michigan?

• Michigan Forest Ecosystem map: Data from Brewer, McPeek, and Raymond. Illustration by Josh Shields.

What Is A Jack Pine Ecosystem?

• Jack Pine Cone photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.

What Are the Common Plants, Animals, and Insects of the Jack Pine Ecosystem?

• Jack Pine Cone photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Northern Pin Oak Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Blueberry photo: Scott Baver, USDA ARS, www.forestryimages.org.
• Kirtland's Warbler photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lou George.
• Badger photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gary Stolz.
• Eastern Bluebird photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Dave Menke.
• Green Snake photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Luther C. Goldman.
• Black Carpenter Ant photo: Clemson University, USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, www.forestryimages.org.

What's Special About the Jack Pine Ecosystem?

• Kirtland's Warbler photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lou George.
• Kirtland's Warbler Historic Breeding Distribution map: Data from Brewer, McPeek, and Raymond.

Why Do Jack Pine Trees Grow After Fire?

• Jack Pine Cone animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

What Is A Boreal Ecosystem?

• Boreal Forest photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Franz.

What Are the Common Plants, Animals, and Insects of the Boreal Ecosystem?

• Balsam Fir Foliage photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• White Spruce photo: Bill Cook, Michigan State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Bunchberry photo: Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, forestryimages.org.
• Moose photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
• Gray Wolf photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gary Kramer.
• Great Gray Owl photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• Spotted Salamander photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• Horse Fly photo: Herbert A. "Joe" Pase III, Texas Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org.

What Else Is Common in Boreal Ecosystems?

• Sphagnum Moss photo: Steve Canipe, Pics4Learning.
• Reindeer Lichen photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Is Global Warming a Threat to Boreal Ecosystems?

• Boreal Warming animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

What Is an Oak-Hickory Ecosystem?

• White Oak Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Shagbark Hickory Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.

What Are the Common Plants, Animals, and Insects in the Oak-Hickory Ecosystem?

• White Oak Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Shagbark Hickory Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Northern Red Oak Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Wild Turkey photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gary Stolz.
• Blue Jay photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Dave Menke.
• Eastern Newt photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• Ground Squirrel photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, John and Karen Hollingsworth.
• Red Squirrel photo: Steve Lav, Pics4Learning.
• Gypsy Moth photo: USDA APHIS PPQ Archives, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org.

What's Special About the Oak-Hickory Ecosystem?

• Burning Forest photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.

What Else Is Special About Oak-Hickory Forest Ecosystems?

• Shagbark Hickory Nuts photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.

Why Is The Gypsy Moth a Problem for the Oak-Hickory Ecosystem?

• Gypsy Moth Egg photo: William M. Ciesta, Forest Health Management International, www.invasive.org.
• Gypsy Moth Caterpillar photo: John H. Ghent, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org.
• Gypsy Moth Cocoon photo: James A. Copony, Virginia Department of Forestry, www.forestryimages.org.
• Adult Gypsy Moth photo: USDA APHIS PPQ Archives, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org.

What Is the Northern Hardwoods Ecosystem?

• Northern Hardwood Forest photo: Western U.P. Center for Environmental Education.

What Are the Common Plants, Animals, and Insects of the Northern Hardwoods Ecosystem?

• Sugar Maple Foliage photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• American Beech Foliage photo: Bill Cook, Michigan State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Trillium photo: Western U.P. Center for Environmental Education.
• White-Tailed Deer photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
• Black Bear photo: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mike Bender.
• Pileated Woodpecker photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• Raccoon photo: Ricky Larson, Forest Resource Consultants, Inc., www.forestryimages.org.
• Chipmunk photo: Melinda Kolk, Pics4Learning.
• Luna Moth photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.

How Does the Pileated Woodpecker Use the Northern Hardwoods Ecosystem?

• Pileated Woodpecker photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.
• Snag with Excavation Holes photo: Dave Flaspohler, Michigan Technological University.

What's Interesting About The Northern Hardwoods Ecosystem?

• Maple Leaves photo: Microsoft Clipart.
• Sap illustration : Microsoft Clipart.
• Pancake illustration : Microsoft Clipart.

Why Has the American Beech Declined?

• Healthy Beech photo: Bill Cook, Michigan State University, www.forestryimages.org.
• Diseased Beech photo: David J. Moorhead, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org.

How About We Play A Game?

• Forest Mystery Game animation: © 2004 State of Michigan.

How Do Humans Benefit From Forest Ecosystems?

• Building illustration: Microsoft Clipart.
• Door photo: Microsoft Clipart.
• Fireplace illustration: Microsoft Clipart.
• Cabinet illustration: Microsoft Clipart.
• Chair illustration: Microsoft Clipart.
• Paper photo: Microsoft Clipart.
• Pencils photo: Microsoft Clipart.
• Wood Carving photo: Billy Humphries, Forest Resource Consultants, Inc., www.forestryimages.org.

How Else Do Humans Benefit From Forest Ecosystems?

• Moose at Camp photo: Leah Vucetich, Michigan Technological University.
• Forest Visitors photo: Western U.P. Center for Environmental Education.

Bibliography

Brewer, R., McPeek, G. A., and Raymond, J. A. 1991. The Atlas of Breeding Birds. East Lansing, MI. Michigan State University Press.

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